Bentuk- Bentuk Tenses

T E N S E S

I. PRESENT

   1. Simple Present Tense

    POLA:

Subject + Verb 1 + …. They /   We I   /   You

Subject + Verb s-es + ….     He  /   She  It

           

     FUNGSI:       

     a. Untuk menyatakan suatu kebiasaan (habitual action) atau kegiatan yang terjadi berulang – ulang dan terus menerus.

   Contoh :

 The students go to school everyday.

 She studies English twice a week.

 I go to church on Sundays

 We celebrate our independence day once in a year.

     b. Untuk menyatakan kebenaran umum (general truth).

         Contoh:

 The sun rises in the east and sets down in the west.

 The earth revolves round the sun.

 The pineapple never grows up on a tree.

      c. Digunakan dalam bahasa drama, komentar radio dan sejenisnya.

When the curtain rises, Juliet is writing on her desk. Suddenly the window opens and a masked man enters.

Contoh
(+) You have a book
(-) You DON’T have a book
(?) DO you have a book?
(+) He has a book
(-) He DOESN’T have a book
(?) DOES he have a book?

      KETERANGAN WAKTU:

1. Every morning/day/week/month/year
2. Once, twice, three times, four times, …
3. Adverb of frequency : always, usually, sometimes, often, never, seldom.

    2. Present Continuous Tense

      POLA :

Subyek + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing

Positif (+):
subject + to be (am, is, are) + Verb – ing + object
Negatif (-) :
subject + to be + not + verb – ing + object
Tanya (?) :
to be + subject + verb – ing + object      FUNGSI;

1. Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu diucapkan.

Contoh:

 They are still playing at the moment.

 She is reading a novel now.

2. Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang sedang berlangsung tetapi belum tentu sedang berlangsung ketika pernyataan diucapkan.

Contoh:

       I am learning French this year.

       Mr. Brown is teaching English.

      KETERANGAN WAKTU:    Now, at the moment, this afternoon, this evening, right now, today.

      Note : Ketika ada kata kerja seperti: Look!, Listen!, Watch!, Notice! ( Imperative), maka tenses

                nya Present Continuous.

      Contoh:     *  Look! The man is climbing.

                 *  Listen! The girls next door are singing my favourite song.

3. Present Perfect Tense

    POLA:

Subject + Have  +  Verb 3 + ….                  Has

    FUNGSI :

    a. Untuk menyatakan suatu perbuatan yang terjadi pada waktu lampau dan waktunya tidak tertentu.

     Contoh :

       William Shakespeare has written many short stories.

       I have swept the floor. It looks clean now.

2. Untuk menyatakan peristiwa yang pernah dilakukan dan mungkin dilakukan lagi di waktu yang akan datang.

Contoh:

       My friends and I have gone to Bali.

       Shinta has visited her grand parents many times.

      KETERANGAN WAKTU: Since, for, just (baru saja), already, yet, so far.

4. Present Perfect Continuous Tense

    POLA :

Subject + Have  + Been + Verb-ing                  Has

    FUNGSI :

Untuk menyatakan suatu kegiatan yang mulai dilakukan pada waktu lampau dan sampai sekarang masih berlangsung.

Contoh:

       My sister has been studying English for three months.

       The students have been doing the test since 11 o’clock.

     KETERANGAN WAKTU: For, since.

5. Simple Past Tense

        POLA:

Subject + Verb 2 + Object + ….

Positif (+)
- Subject + to be (was/were) + complement
- Subject + verb 2 + object
Negatif (-)
- Subject + to be (was/were) + not + complement
- Subject + did not + verb 1 + object
Tanya (?)
- Did + subject + verb 1 + object ?

       FUNGSI:

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi pada waktu tertentu di masa lampau.

Contoh:

       I met my music teacher yesterday.

       My mother bought a new carpet last Sunday.

       Rendy closed the window five minutes ago.

       The students presented their project work this morning.

       KETERANGAN WAKTU:

-          Last ….                         -       …ago                                -       This afternoon

-          Just now            -       This morning                     -       Yesterday

6. Past Continuous Tense

         POLA:

Subject + was  + Verb- ing                 were

Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + to be (was/were) + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + was/were + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
- was/were + subject + verb-ing + object ?

         FUNGSI:

1. Untuk menggambarkan peristiwa yang sedang terjadi pada masa lampau.

 Contoh:

       I was studying at my friend’s house.

       My parents were chatting in the living room.

2. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang sedang berlangsung pada waktu lampau, dimana peristiwa lain juga terjadi .

Contoh:

       When I was studying, someone knocked the door.

       When I was walking to school, I met Dian sastro.

7.  Past Perfect tense

   POLA:

Subject + Had + Verb 3

     FUNGSI:

Untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang terjadi sebelum kegiatan lain di waktu lampau muncul.

Contoh:  

       The teachers went home after they had finished teaching.

       When I arrived Kridosono, my favourite artist had performed.

    KETERANGAN WAKTU: when, after, before.

8. Future Tense

       POLA:

Subject + shall  + Verb 1 + …                 will

Rumus
Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + going to + verb I + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall +NOT + verb I + object
Subject + am/is/are + not + going to + verb I + object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + verb I + object
Am/is/are + subject + going to + verb I + object

       FUNGSI:

1. Untuk menggambarkan suatu peristiwa yang akan terjadi.

Contoh:

       Bobby will come here tomorrow.

       I shall call my parents when I get home.

2. Untuk menyatakan sesuatu yang terjadi di masa mendatang yangbukan merupakan keinginan atau kehendak.

Contoh:

       Tomy will be fourteen years old next year.

       We shall die one day.

      KETERANGAN WAKTU: Tomorrow, next week/month/year, the day after tomorrow.  

 RUMUS FUTURE CONTINOUS TENSE 

Positif (+)
Subject + will/shall + be + verb-ing + object
Negatif (-)
Subject + will/shall + not + verb-ing + object
Tanya (?)
Will/shall + subject + be + verb-ing + object

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